Is it a Journal Article, a Book, or a Chapter in a Book? Identifying Citations: Journal Articles: APA, MLA, & Chicago Side-by-Side
An Article Citation as it Appears in the SpringerLink Database
The examples below do not include any special formatting such as line spacing or indentation.
HOW TO SPOT JOURNAL ARTICLE CITATIONS
- There's always a volume number
- Often an issue number
- Never a publisher
APA 7TH EDITION: REFERENCE LIST
Bowyer, R. T., Rachlow, J. L., Stewart, K. M., & Van Ballenberghe, V. (2011). Vocalizations by Alaskan moose: female incitation of male aggression. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 65(12), 2251–2260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-011-1234-y
MLA 9TH EDITION: WORKS CITED
Bowyer, R. Terry, et al. “Vocalizations by Alaskan Moose: Female Incitation of Male Aggression.” Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, vol. 65, no. 12, 2011, pp. 2251–2260.
CHICAGO 18TH EDITION: BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bowyer, R. Terry, Janet L. Rachlow, Kelley M. Stewart, and Victor Van Ballenberghe. "Vocalizations by Alaskan Moose: Female Incitation of Male Aggression." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 65, no.12 (2011): 2251-2260. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-011-1234-y.
- ABOUT DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIERS (DOI) -
A DOI always points to one particular item which makes them an important citation element. Stable URLs serve the same purpose and may be used instead. Older resources may not have either of these. If so, simply omit this part of a citation.
In database search results, a DOI may not have https://doi.org/ in front of the number. If not, add it.
