News and media literacy approaches (like those listed in the box above) often focus on the acquisition of individual skills (deciphering "real" news from fake news, for example). However, truly critical approaches take sociopolitical context into consideration, asking after issues such as
Asking students to engage with today's complex information landscape through only skills-based approaches to literacy – often sold as "solutions" – will likely miss the mark. Scholars encourage us to work with students to interrogate their own cognitive biases as well as the social construction of information. For more, see the Pfau Library's Critical Information Literacy Lab and check out social media scholar, youth researcher, and advocate Danah Boyd's What Hath We Wrought? (2018). See also Digital Disconnect: Fake News Privacy, and Democracy (2018 film available to CSUSB users through the Pfau Library),